Contents Lesson One 1 Part One Reading 1 Text A Basic Categories of Living Organisms 1 I. Words and Phrases 1 II. Notes 2 III. Language Points 2 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 2 Text B A Mysterious Phenomenon 4 I. Words and Phrases 4 II. Notes 4 III. Language Points 4 III. Reading Comprehension Questions 4 Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 5 I. How to Write an Organization 5 1. Tips for Writing 5 2. Samples and Explanations 6 3. Useful Expressions 6 4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write an Organization 7 II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：The Use of Scientific Terms 7 1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 7 2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English：The Use of Scientific Terms 10 Lesson Two 10 Part One Reading 10 Text The Role of Grazers in Controlling the Amount of Planktonic Algae in Lakes 11 I. Words and Phrases 11 II. Notes 12 III. Language Points 12 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 12 Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 14 I. How to Write Research Background and Literature Review 14 1. Tips for Writing 14 2. Sample and Explanation 15 3. Useful Expressions 16 4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Background and Literature Review 18 II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：Diversified Vocabulary 18 1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 18 2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English：Diversified Vocabulary 21 Lesson Three 21 Part One Reading 21 Text mRNA Concentrations and Red Blood Cells 21 I. Words and Phrases 22 II. Notes 22 III. Language Points 22 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 23 Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 24 I. How to Write Research Goals 24 1. Tips for Writing 24 2. Samples and Explanations 24 3. Useful Expressions 25 4. C-E Translation Exercise: How to Write Research Goals 25 II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills: Omission and Addition 25 1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 25 2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Omission and Addition 27 Lesson Four 28 Part One Reading 28 Text The Use of Pesticides Endangers Certain Plant Species 28 I. Words and Phrases 28 II. Notes 29 III. Language Points 29 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 29 Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 30 I. How to Write Research Materials, Procedure and Method 31 1. Tips for Writing 31 2．Samples and Explanations 32 3. Useful Expressions 34 4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Materials, Procedure and Method 35 II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：Nominalization vs Non-nominalization 36 1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 36 2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English：Nominalization vs Non-nominalization 37 Lesson Five 37 Part One Reading 37 Text Controversial Darwinism 37 I. Words and Phrases 38 II. Notes 39 III. Language Points 39 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 39 Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 41 I. How to Write Research Results 41 1. Tips for Writing 41 2. Samples and Explanations 41 3. Useful Expressions 42 4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Results 43 II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：Passive Voice vs Active Voice 44 1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 44 2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Passive vs Active Voice 45 Lesson Six 45 Part One Reading 45 Text Health Risks with Exposure to Radiation 45 I. Words and Phrases 46 III. Language Points 47 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 47 Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 48 I. How to Write a Result Discussion 48 1. Tips for Writing 48 2. Sample and Explanation 49 3. Useful Expressions 49 4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write a Result Discussion 51 II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills: Use of Rather Long and Complicated Sentences vs Use of Shorter Sentences, Parallelism and Following Preferred Word Order 51 1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating： Use of Rather Long and Complicated Sentences vs Use of Shorter Sentences and Following Preferred Word Order 51 2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Use of Rather Long and Complicated Sentences vs Use of Shorter Sentences, Parallelism and Following Preferred Word Order 53 Lesson Seven 54 Part One Reading 54 Text A The Pleiotropy of Plant Hormones 54 I. Words and Phrases 54 II. Notes 55 III. Language Points 55 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 55 Text B Peptide Hormones: Detection and Function 56 I. Words and Phrases 57 II. Notes 57 III．Language Points 58 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 58 Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 59 I. How to Write Conclusions 59 1. Tips for Writing 59 2. Samples and Explanations 60 3. Useful Expressions 60 4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Conclusions 61 II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills : Uses of -ing, -ed or to-Infinitive Forms vs Relative Clauses 61 1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 61 2. Exercises fro C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Uses of -ing, -ed or to-Infinitive Forms vs Clauses 62 Lesson Eight 62 Part One Reading 62 Text A Two Different Kinds of Immunological Reactions 62 I. Words and Phrases 63 II. Notes 63 III. Language Points 64 IV. Reading Comprehension Questions 64 Text B Viral Mechanisms 65 I. Words and Phrases 66 II. Notes 66 III. Language Points 66 IV. Reading Comprehension 66 Part Two Writing and C-E Translation Skills 68 I. How to Write a Title and an Abstract 68 1. Tips for Writing 68 2. Samples and Explanations 68 3. Useful Expressions 71 4. C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write a Title and an Abstract 72 II. Features of Scientific English and C-E Translation Skills：Use of Literary Devices 73 1. Features of Scientific English and Tips for Translating 73 2. Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Use of Literary Devices 74 Appendix Learning Materials for the Coursebook 74 Lesson One 74 I. Chinese Version of Text A “Basic Categories of Living Organisms” 74 II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions of Text A and Their Chinese Translations 74 1. Key 75 2. Chinese Translations 75 III. Chinese Version of Text B “A Mysterious Phenomenon” 76 IV. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions of Text B and Their Chinese Translations 76 1. Key 76 2. Chinese Translations 76 V. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 76 1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to write an organization 76 2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: The Use of Scientific Terms 77 Lesson Two 78 I. Chinese Version of Text “The Role of Grazers in Controlling the Amount of Planktonic Algae in Lakes” 78 II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 78 1. Key 78 2. Chinese Translations 78 III. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 79 1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Background and Literature Review 79 2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Diversified Vocabulary 80 Lesson Three 80 I. Chinese Version of Text “mRNA Concentrations and Red Blood Cells” 80 II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 81 1. Key 81 2. Chinese Translations 81 III．Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 82 1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Goal 82 2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Omission and Addition 82 Lesson Four 83 I. Chinese Version of Text “The Use of Pesticides Endangers Certain Plant Species” 83 II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 83 1. Key 83 2. Chinese Translations 83 III. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 85 1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Materials, Procedure and Method 85 2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English：Nominalization vs Non-nominalization 85 Lesson Five 85 I. Chinese Version of Text “Controversial Darwinism” 85 II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Translations 86 1. Key 86 2. Chinese Translations 86 III. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 87 1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Research Results 87 2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Passive Voice vs Active Voice 88 Lesson Six 88 I. Chinese Version of Text “Health Risks with Exposure to Radiation” 88 II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Translations 89 1. Key 89 2. Chinese Translations 89 III. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 90 1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write a Result Discussion 90 2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Use of Rather Long and Complicated Sentences vs Use of Shorter Sentences, Parallelism and Following Preferred Word Order 90 Lesson Seven 91 I. Chinese Version of Text A “The Pleiotropy of Plant Hormones” 91 II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 91 1. Key 91 2. Chinese Translations 92 III. Chinese Version of Text B “Text B Peptide Hormones: Detection and Function” 92 IV. Key Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 93 1. Key 93 1. Chinese Translations 93 V. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 94 1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write Conclusions 94 1. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills for Scientific English: Uses of -ing, -ed or to-Infinitive Forms vs Clauses 94 Lesson Eight 95 I. Chinese Version of Text A “Two Different Kinds of Immunological Reactions” 95 II. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 95 1. Key 95 2. Chinese Translations 95 III. Chinese Version of Text B “Viral Mechanisms” 96 IV. Key to Reading Comprehension Questions and Their Chinese Translations 97 1. Key 97 2. Chinese Translations 97 V. Reference Answers to Exercises for Writing and C-E Translation Skills 98 1. Reference Answers to C-E Translation Exercises: How to Write a Title and an Abstract 98 2. Reference Answers to Exercises for C-E Translation Skills: Use of Literary Devices 99
