Chapter 1 Overview of the Banking Industry
1.1 Introduction to Banking (1)
1.1.1 What Is a Bank? (1)
1.1.2 The Development of Banking (2)
1.2 The Role of Bank in the Economy (3)
1.2.1 The Role of Commercial Banks in the Economy (3)
1.2.2 The Functions of Bank (5)
1.3 The Fundamental Forces of Change in Banking (6)
1.3.1 Deregulation and Reregulation (7)
1.3.2 Financial Innovation (8)
1.3.3 Securitization (10)
1.3.4 Globalization (10)
1.3.5 Advance in Technology (12)
1.4 Organization Form of the Banking Industry (13)
1.4.1 Unit Banking Versus Branch Banking (13)
1.4.2 Financial Holding Companies (13)
1.5 Bank in China (17)
1.5.1 Reform of Banking System (17)
1.5.2 Recent Banking Reform (19)
1.5.3 The Openingup of the Banking System (21)
Chapter 2 Analyzing Banking Performance
2.1 Introduction (24)
2.2 Balance Sheet (25)
2.2.1 Bank Assets: Uses of Funds (28)
2.2.2 Bank Liabilities and Equities: Sources of Funds (32)
2.3 The Income Statement (35)
2.4 The Relationship Between the Balance Sheet and Income Statement (42)
2.5 The Return on Equity Model (44)
2.5.1 AllEquity and Alldebt Banks (44)
2.5.2 Bank Profitability Analysis (47)
2.5.3 A Risk Index for Banks (50)
Appendix 2.1 The Uniform Bank Performance Report(UBPR)(53)
Chapter 3 The Funding Sources of Bank
3.1 Introduction (56)
3.2 The Liability Structure of FDIC Insured Commercial Banks (59)
3.2.1 Recent Trends in Bank Funding Source (59)
3.2.2 Characteristics of Retailtype Deposits (63)
3.2.3 Characteristics of Large Wholesale Liabilities (66)
3.3 Measuring the Cost of Funds (74)
3.3.1 The Average Historical Cost of Funds (75)
3.3.2 The Marginal Cost of Funds (76)
3.3.3 Costs of Independent Sources of Funds (77)
3.3.4 Weighted Marginal Cost of Total Funds (80)
3.3.5 Marginal Cost Analysis: An Application (81)
3.4 Funding Sources and Banking Risk (83)
3.4.1 Funding Sources: Liquidity Risk (84)
3.4.2 Funding Sources: Interest Rate Risk (86)
3.4.3 Funding Sources: Credit and Capital Risk (86)
3.5 Deposit Insurance (87)
3.5.1 Federal Deposit Insurance (87)
3.5.2 Deposit Insurance Around the World (88)
Chapter 4 The Effective Use of Capital
4.1 Why We Worry About Bank Capital? (92)
4.2 Riskbased Capital Standards (93)
4.2.1 Capital Adequacy (93)
4.2.2 Basle Capital Accords (94)
4.2.3 Basle II Framework (94)
4.2.4 RiskAdjusted Return on Capital (96)
4.3 The Constituents of Capital (97)
4.3.1 Accounting Capital (97)
4.3.2 Definition of Capital Included in the Capital Base (99)
4.3.3 Definition of Capital Included in China (102)
4.4 What Is the Function of Bank Capital? (104)
4.4.1 Bank Capital Provides a Cushion to Absorb Losses (105)
4.4.2 Bank Capital Provides Ready Access to Financial Markets (106)
4.4.3 Capital Constrains Growth and Reduces Risk (106)
4.5 Calculation and Measurement of Capital Adequacy Ratios (107)
4.6 Economic Capital and the Assessment of Capital Adequacy (112)
4.6.1 The Definition of Economics Capital (112)
4.6.2 Example: Economic Capital Allocation for Commercial Credit Risk (114)
Chapter 5 Bank Loans and Their Characteristics
5.1 Recent Trends in Loan Growth and Quality (119)
5.1.1 The Overview of Loan Development in U.S. (120)
5.1.2 The Overview of Loan Development in China (123)
5.2 The Credit Process (126)
5.2.1 Business Development and Credit Analysis (127)
5.2.2 Credit Execution and Administration (129)
5.2.3 Credit Review (130)
5.3 Different Types of Loans (130)
5.3.1 The Characteristics of Different Types of Loans in U.S. (130)
5.3.2 The Types of Loans in China (134)
5.4 Asset Transfers and Securitization (137)
5.4.1 Introduction (137)
5.4.2 Mechanics of the Asset Securitization Process (138)
Chapter 6 Managing the Investment Portfolio
6.1 Introduction (141)
6.1.1 The History of Banks Owning Securities in U.S. (141)
6.1.2 The History of Bank Owning Securities in China (143)
6.2 Dealer Operations and the Securities Trading Account (145)
6.2.1 The Classification of Dealer Operation (145)
6.2.2 Accounting for Investment Securities (146)
6.3 Objectives of the Investment Portfolio (147)
6.3.1 Safety or Preservation of Capital (147)
6.3.2 Liquidity (148)
6.3.3 Yield (148)
6.3.4 Diversify Credit Risk (149)
6.3.5 Help Manage Interest Rate Risk Exposure (149)
6.3.6 Pledging Requirements (149)
6.4 Composition of the Investment Portfolio (150)
6.4.1 The Composition of the Investment Portfolio in U.S. Commercial Bank (150)
6.4.2 The Securities Investment in Chinas Commercial Bank (152)
6.5 Establishing Investment Policy Guidelines (152)
6.5.1 Return Objectives (153)
6.5.2 Portfolio Composition (153)
6.5.3 Liquidity Consideration (153)
6.5.4 Credit Risk Consideration (154)
Chapter 7 Liquidity Management
7.1 Cash Assets Management (155)
7.1.1 The Introduction (155)
7.1.2 Objectives of Cash Assets Holding (156)
7.1.3 Cash Assets Versus Liquid Assets (157)
7.2 Liquidity Planning (158)
7.2.1 The Development of Liquidity Strategies (158)
7.2.2 The Tradeoff Between Liquidity and Profitability (161)
7.2.3 Liquidity Needs and Risks (162)
7.3 Measures of Liquidity (165)
7.3.1 Asset Liquidity Measures (165)
7.3.2 Loantodeposit Ratio (166)
7.3.3 Liability Liquidity Measures (167)
7.3.4 Liquidity Analysis of Citibank (171)
7.4 Projecting Liquidity Needs (172)
7.4.1 An Application (172)
7.4.2 Considerations in Selecting Liquidity Sources (175)
Chapter 8 Financial Risk Management
8.1 Introduction (179)
8.1.1 Why Risk Matters? (179)
8.1.2 The Basic Categories of Risk (180)
8.1.3 Prerequisites for Risk Management (181)
8.2 Credit Risk Management (182)
8.2.1 The Definition of Credit Risk (182)
8.2.2 Measurement of Credit Risk (183)
8.2.3 Techniques of Credit Risk Management (183)
8.3 Market Risk Management (185)
8.3.1 The Definition of Market Risk (185)
8.3.2 Market Risk Measurement: VaR (186)
8.3.3 Market Risk Management (187)
8.4 Operational Risk Management (188)
8.4.1 The Definition of Operational Risk (188)
8.4.2 Sound Practices of Operational Risk Management (190)
Chapter 9 Corporate Governance and Internal Control System
9.1 Introduction (194)
9.1.1 The Foundations of Bank Corporate Governance (194)
9.1.2 The Bank Corporate Governance in China (197)
9.2 Sound Corporate Governance Principles (198)
9.2.1 Establishing Strategic Objectives and a Set of Corporate Values (198)
9.2.2 Enforcing Clear Lines of Responsibility and Accountability (199)
9.2.3 Ensuring That Board Members Are Qualified for Their Positions (200)
9.2.4 Ensuring Appropriate Oversight Conducted by Senior Management (202)
9.2.5 Effectively Utilizing the Work Conducted by Internal and External Auditors (202)
9.2.6 Ensuring That Compensation Policies and Practices Are Consistent with the Bank (204)
9.2.7 Conducting Corporate Governance in a Transparent Manner (204)
9.2.8 Understanding of the Banks Operational Structure (205)
9.3 Introduction of Internal Control in Banking (206)
9.3.1 Background (206)
9.3.2 The Objectives and Role of Internal Control (208)
9.3.3 The Major Elements of an Internal Control Process (209)
9.4 Principles for the Assessment of Internal Control Systems (210)
9.4.1 Management Oversight and the Control Culture (210)
9.4.2 Risk Recognition and Assessment (211)
9.4.3 Control Activities and Segregation of Duties (212)
9.4.4 Information and Communication (213)
9.4.5 Monitoring Activities and Correcting Deficiencies (213)
9.4.6 Evaluation of Internal Control Systems by Supervisory Authorities (213)
Chapter 10 Global Banking Activities
10.1 Overview of International Banks (215)
10.1.1 The Development of International Banking (215)
10.1.2 Structuring the Overseas Operation (217)
10.1.3 Choosing an Organizational Structure (220)
10.2 Services of Global Commercial Banks (221)
10.2.1 Credit Services (221)
10.2.2 Syndicated Loan Facilities (222)
10.2.3 Project Finance (224)
10.2.4 Trade Finance (226)
10.2.5 Commercial Paper and Note Issuance Facilities (226)
10.2.6 Currency Exchange (227)
10.3 Banking System Around the World (228)
10.3.1 Japan (228)
10.3.2 United Kingdom (231)
10.3.3 France (233)
10.3.4 German (235)
Reference (238)