学习 Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education. Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19yearold college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education. Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing. Tyler became wellknown nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the EightYear Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robert Hutchins. Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work. Although Tyler officially retired in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
memoirn. 回忆录：He died yesterday just three months after he published his memoirs. 他在出版自己的回忆录仅3个月后于昨天去世了。 hookv. 勾引住，吸引住：Banks used to give away toasters and stuff to hook new customers. 银行过去常用烤面包机等赠品来吸引新客户。 advancedadj. 高级的，高等的：advanced students of English高级程度的英语学习者
1. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tylers memoir? A. Top managers. B. Language learners. C. Serious educators. D. Science organizations. 2. The underlined words “hooked on teaching” in Paragraph 2 probably mean. A. attracted to teachingB. tired of teaching C. satisfied with teachingD. unhappy about teaching 3. Where did Tyler work as the leader of a research center for over 10 years? A. The University of Chicago. B. Stanford University. C. Ohio State University. D. Nebraska University. 4. Tyler is said to have never actually retired because . A. he developed a new method of testingB. he called for free spirit in research C. he was still active in giving adviceD. he still led the EightYear Study 任何一个关注学校教学内容和学生学习方法的人都会对拉尔夫·W. 泰勒的回忆录感兴趣，他是美国教育界最著名的人物之一。拉尔夫·泰勒1902年生于芝加哥，在内布拉斯加成长并接受教育，19岁大学毕业后，他成了南达科他州的一名理化教师并从此迷上了教学，然后他就把专业从医学转向了教育。在芝加哥大学读研究生期间，他和著名教育家查理斯·贾德、W. W. 查特斯建立了联系，这两位教育家对教学和考试的观点对他日后的工作产生了影响。1927年，他成了俄亥俄州立大学的一名教师，在那里，他进一步发展出一套新的考试方法。1938年，泰勒开始闻名全国；同年，他在罗伯特·哈奇斯的邀请下，带着8年的研究成果从俄亥俄州立大学来到了芝加哥大学。泰勒是斯坦福大学行为科学高等研究中心的第一位主任，他在这个位置上干了14年。在那里，他坚信，研究人员在他们的工作中应该自由追寻独立精神。尽管泰勒在1967年正式退休了，但他却从未真正退休过。他依然活跃在美国和国外的许多教育机构中。甚至到他80多岁时，他还在全国旅行，指导教师和管理人员如何设定目标以使学校的教学工作得到最好的发展。
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